Pre-Feasibility and System Planning

• Load Profiling:
  • Classification of Load Patterns (Continuous, Intermittent, Backup)
• Existing Electrical Network Assessment:
  • Acquisition of Critical System Information

Load Characterization for BESS Application

• Detailed Load Pattern Analysis and Load Type Identification
• On-Grid vs. Off-Grid Load Requirements Determination

Demand Forecasting and BESS System Design

• Assessment of Existing System Demand
• Future Demand Projections and Growth Analysis
• BESS System Study: Optimizing Demand Management with Storage Capacity

Electrical Load and Energy Consumption Calculations for BESS Sizing

• Power and Energy Demand Quantification

Integration Strategies for Solar Photovoltaic (PV) and BESS

• System Coupling Techniques:
  
  • AC Coupling
  • DC Coupling

AC Coupling: Leveraging Existing Infrastructure

• Advantages:

  • Simplified Integration: Compatible with existing solar inverters

  • Lower Initial Investment Costs

• Disadvantages:

  • Potential Efficiency Losses: Due to AC-to-DC-to-AC conversion

DC Coupling: Maximizing Efficiency

• Advantages:

  • • Enhanced System Efficiency: Minimizes conversion losses
    • Optimized System Design: Greater control over charging/discharging

• Disadvantages:

  • • Increased System Complexity: Requires additional DC/DC converter
    • Potentially Higher Initial Costs: Due to additional equipment

Selection Criteria for AC vs. DC Coupling

• Comparative Analysis:
  
  • • System Budget Considerations
    • Compatibility with Existing Solar Infrastructure
    • Desired System Efficiency and Performance

Conclusion: Choosing the Optimal BESS Integration Strategy

• • Balancing Cost-Effectiveness, Existing System Compatibility, and Performance Optimization

Battery Technologies for BESS

• Comparison of Battery Chemistries: Lithium-Ion, Nickel-Cadmium, Lead-Acid

Battery Cell Selection and Configuration

• Cell Types and Characteristics
• Standardized Battery Formats: Primary vs. Secondary Batteries

Key Battery Performance Parameters

• End-of-Life Criteria and Management
• Depth of Discharge (DOD) and Usable Capacity
• State of Charge (SOC) and Monitoring Techniques
• Cycling Rate (C-Rate) Impact on Battery Life
• Selection Considerations:
  
  • Cell Voltage
  • Specific Energy (Wh/kg)
  • Charge and Discharge Rates (C-Rates)
  • Cycle Life (Number of Charge/Discharge Cycles)
  • Current Density
  • Thermal Runaway Risk and Mitigation Strategies
  • Application-Specific Requirements

Battery Bank Design and Configuration

• Series and Parallel Connections: Optimizing Voltage and Capacity
• String Sizing and Management Strategies

Battery Management System (BMS): Ensuring Safety and Performance

• Selection Considerations
• Functions: Monitoring, Protection, Control

Battery Installation and Mounting

• Arrangement Options
• Installation Methodology and Best Practices

Backup Time Calculations for BESS

• • Determining Required Battery Capacity for Desired Backup Duration

Selection and Sizing Considerations for BESS Power Conversion Equipment

• Bi-Directional Power Conversion Unit (PCU): Function and Operating Principle

PCU Selection and Sizing

• AC Input Rating Determination
• DC Output Rating Determination

Grid-Tied Solar Inverter Selection and Sizing

• AC Output Rating Determination

Critical Parameters for Inverter and PCU Selection

• AC Input Rating
• AC Output Rating
• DC Input Rating
• DC Output Rating
• Battery Charger Parameters
• System Efficiency
• Protection Features
• Communication Protocols
• Auxiliary Power Requirements

Energy Management System (EMS) for BESS Integration

• Functionality and Importance

Battery and Battery Management System (BMS) Integration

• • Considerations for Seamless System Operation

Power Conversion Equipment Transformers

• Inverter Duty Transformer: Selection and Sizing

BESS Enclosure and Thermal Management

• BESS Container Sizing Considerations
• Ventilation System Design

Electrical Balance of Plant (EBOP) Selection

• AC and DC Distribution Boards (ACDB & DCDB) Selection
• Switchgear Selection Criteria

BESS DC Cabling

• Selection of DC Cables: DC Combiner Box (DCDB) to PCU

BESS AC Cabling

• Selection of AC Cables: AC Distribution Board (ACDB) to Transformer

Cable Sizing Calculations

• Sizing Considerations for PCU and Inverter Cables

Earthing System Design and Calculations

• Earthing Type Selection
• Earthing System Calculations

Inverter Selection: String vs. Central Inverters

• String Inverter vs. Central Inverter Selection Factors

BESS Protection Scheme Design

• • High-Voltage (HT) Side Protection Strategies

Preparation of BESS System Schematics

• Single Line Diagram (SLD): Overall System Representation
• AC Single Line Diagram: Detailing AC Power Flow
• DC Single Line Diagram: Detailing DC Power Flow

BESS Physical Layout Design

• BESS Container Layout and Location Planning
• Earthing Layout Design for Safety and Grounding
• Cable Layout Design: Optimizing Power Flow and Cable Management

Additional Considerations

• • Industry Standards and Compliance for BESS Drawings and Layouts

Target Applications for BESS Deployment

• Categorization of Energy Storage Applications: Exploring the Five Key Areas

BESS Applications by Sector

• Electric Supply: Peak Shaving, Power Reliability Enhancement
• Ancillary Services: Frequency Regulation, Voltage Control
• Grid System Support: Transmission and Distribution System Optimization
• End-User/Utility Customer Applications: Demand Charge Management, Backup Power

Integration with Renewable Energy Systems

• Grid and Renewable Integration: Facilitating Smooth Integration of Renewables
• Electric Energy Time-Shift: Optimizing Energy Use Through Time Shifting
• Load Following: Matching Electricity Supply with Demand Fluctuations
• Renewable Energy Time-Shift: Storing Excess Renewable Energy for Later Use
• Renewable Capacity Firming: Enhancing Reliability and Dispatchability of Renewable Sources

BESS Advantages and Competitive Edge

• Reduced Footprint and Location Flexibility

Comparison with Traditional Storage Technologies

• Pumped Hydro Storage (PHS) and Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES):
  • • Limitations: Water Availability, Siting Restrictions, Transmission Constraints
• BESS Advantages:
  • • Higher Energy and Power Densities: Compact Design and Faster Response

BESS Economic Evaluation and Investment Analysis

• Cost-Benefit Analysis of BESS Applications:
  • • Calculating Costs and Revenue Streams
• Investment and Project Feasibility Assessment

Additional Considerations

• • Environmental Impact Comparison of Storage Technologies

Identifying BESS Applications for Grid Support

• Scoping BESS Use Cases: Aligning with Grid Needs

Core Applications of BESS in Grid Management

• Round-Trip Efficiency: Balancing Energy Losses
• Response Time: Enabling Rapid System Adjustments

BESS Performance Considerations for Grid Applications

• Lifetime and Cycling: Impacting System Longevity and Investment

Specific Grid Support Functions of BESS

• Frequency Regulation: Maintaining Grid Stability
• Peak Shaving and Load Leveling: Reducing Peak Demand and Smoothing Power Flow

This module focuses on applying the knowledge gained throughout the course to practical scenarios. Students will participate in case studies and a design project to solidify their understanding of BESS design and engineering.

Learning Objectives:

• Apply BESS design principles to real-world applications.
• Develop technical skills for BESS system schematics and layouts.
• Integrate knowledge from various modules to create a comprehensive BESS design.

Module Activities:

• Case Studies: Analyze real-world examples of BESS deployment, exploring technical details, application goals, and project outcomes.
• Design Project: Students will work in teams (or individually) to design a BESS system for a specific application. This project may involve:
  
  • Preparation of an electrical power distribution scheme tailored to the chosen application.
  • Developing an electrical BESS architecture outlining the system components and their interconnections.
  • Creating a single-line diagram (SLD) of the BESS system for clear visualization of power flow.
  • Preparing a layout of the BESS plant, considering equipment placement, cable routing, and safety considerations.

Deliverables:

• Case study analysis reports or presentations.
• Design project reports including:
  
  • Detailed BESS system design documentation.
  • SLD and layout drawings of the designed BESS plant.
• Project presentations (optional).

Assessment:

• • Participation in case study discussions and analysis.
  • Quality and completeness of the design project deliverables.
  • Project presentations (if applicable).